Above: Closeup of the tile display of Miguel (Michael) I, "The Absolutist", King of Portugal 1828-1834, showing the persecution of those Portuguese seeking to advance a liberal government.
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1 is statue in the pool by the Northern Oriental Gardens.
2 to 5 show statues and a footpath through the stream by the Japanese Gardens.
6 to 11 show are more from the 40 tile displays showing the history of Portugal, each of its kings, queens and three republics ...
... #6 Joao (John) VI, "The Clement", twenty-seventh King of Portugal, 1816-1826, instituted a liberal constitution and ushered in independence for Brazil.
... #7 Maria (Mary) II, "The Good Mother", twenty-ninth queen of Portugal, 1826-1828 and 1834-1853, faced an absolutist revolution from those who did
not want the liberal constitution, deposed by her brother King Miguel (Michael) I, "The Usurper", 1828-1834.
... #8 Carlos (Philip) I, "The Diplomat", thirty-second King of Portugal, 1889-1908, Portugal went bankrupt twice 1892 and 1902, patron of science and the arts, assassinated in 1908, voted #60 Greatest Portuguese person.
... #9 the rule of the monarchy ended in 1910, and the democratic, liberal but chaotic 1st Republic took over.
... #10 the 2nd Republic replaced the first eventually with António de Oliveira Salazar, 1932-1968, who instituted the "Estado Navo", a corporatist authoritarian government (a form of fascism) that
emphasized conservatism, nationalism, aim for stability, promotion of the Catholic Church for social stability. Portugal remained neutral during World War 2, but was leaned on for assistance
by both the Allies and the Axis forces. The economy stagnated and opposition was violently oppressed as Salazar become more authoritarian, but Salazar was voted #1 Greatest Portuguese person.
... #11 the 3rd Republic replaced Salazar's and his replacement's fascism in 1974 with a liberal democracy which continues to this day.
12 to 14 statues, first by the Japanese Garden entrance, and the later two angels along the path of the central lake.
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